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Air temperature data for the Labrador coast during the late 19th/early 20th century

Version 1.0

Singh, Garima; Przybylak, Rajmund; Araźny, Andrzej; Chmist, Konrad; Wyszyński, Przemysław, 2026, "Air temperature data for the Labrador coast during the late 19th/early 20th century", https://doi.org/10.18150/YRJLV9, RepOD, V1

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Description

The meteorological data for the Labrador coast were collected by members of the Moravian Church between 1882 and 1939. During this period, meteorological observations were carried out at six mission stations: Rama (1882–1890), Hebron (1882–1918), Okak (1883–1889), Nain (1882–1913 and 1926–1939), Zoar (1882–1894), and Hopedale (1882–1898). The observations were conducted on behalf of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Marine Observatory) and are preserved in the archives of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, Germany). All available historical air temperature observations were digitised and quality-controlled by DWD.

The dataset includes sub-daily observations of air temperature. In Rama, Nain, Hebron, Nain, and Zoar, measurements were generally taken at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 local time (LT), although some days included up to 5 observations. At Okak and Hopedale, measurements were taken regularly at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00 LT.

Mean daily air temperature (MDAT) was calculated from the sub-daily observations using nine formulas based on different combinations of observation times. The performance of these formulas was evaluated using hourly observations from the modern meteorological stations at Nain and Hopedale (2011–2020; https://climate.weather.gc.ca/), from which the true daily mean (MDAT1) was calculated from 24 hourly observations. Monthly correction factors were derived by comparing each MDAT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) separately for Nain and Hopedale with MDAT1, and subsequently applied to the historical records to minimise biases associated with different observation schedules. Correction factors derived for Nain were also applied to the Rama, Hebron, Okak and Zoar datasets because of their geographical proximity and similar climatic conditions, whereas separate corrections were developed for Hopedale. 

Source of data

Climate Data from the Overseas Stations of the Deutsche Seewarte (German Marine Observatory) in Canada. Deutscher Wetterdienst (2022) https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/overseas_stations/overseas_documentation/data.html?lsbId=571386


Subject
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword

Arctic, historical climatology, climate records, climate variability, surface temperature

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readme_v1.0
Plain Text - 2.9 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 2 Downloads
MD5: de90d0171c36bd1e57ad056096e8c86f
License: CC0 Creative Commons Zero 1.0
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Hebron.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 422.2 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
13 Variables, 11152 Observations - UNF:6:oJ77BjChK39jpIswA2SmWg==
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Hopedale.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 191.5 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
10 Variables, 5657 Observations - UNF:6:pZwK7AMDT3bws2BwqmaRiA==
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Nain.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 553.3 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
13 Variables, 14330 Observations - UNF:6:3F2GxFkCa5YCSjrWDN6hIg==
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Okak.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 71.6 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
8 Variables, 2274 Observations - UNF:6:SLN2elXiR72adfSxs5MsEw==
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Rama.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 100.7 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
11 Variables, 2890 Observations - UNF:6:TRCG/0IizQ7d1xAZ+8s87g==
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Zoar.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 147.7 KB - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
10 Variables, 4334 Observations - UNF:6:DudaelDSj5JLd0pdSgK0GA==
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Hopedale_corrections.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 383 B - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
1 Variables, 5 Observations - UNF:6:jM8axaaIk1mmAHND17yu6w==
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Nain_corrections.tab
Tabular Data - Original format: Comma Separated Values - 695 B - Jul 29, 2026 - 0 Downloads
License: CC BY - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
1 Variables, 9 Observations - UNF:6:7tnZIcw+6ShILVT3pQFlkA==
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