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Majewska, Małgorzata, 2025, "Microorganisms population and ruminal parameters after zeolites supplementation in Jersey cows", https://doi.org/10.18150/LMCGFI, RepOD, V1
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Zeolites are ‘magic stones’ with crystalline structures and unique properties, which enable them to selectively adsorb molecules, including gases. The aim of the study was to deter-mine the effect of different types and doses of zeolites on microorganisms, nutrient diges-tion, and methane production in the rumen. The study was conducted on five two-year-old Jersey heifers (350 kg live weight) fistulated to the rumen in a 5 × 5 Latin square design divided into five feeding groups: control (basal diet), ZN2 (+120 g clinoptilolite/d), ZS2 (+120 g ZP-4A zeolite/d), ZN4 (+240 g clinoptilolite/d), and ZS4 (+240 g ZP-4A zeolite/d). During five periods of the experiment, the samples of the ruminal fluid and digesta were taken be-fore and 3 h after feeding. The pH value, bacteria and methanogens populations, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and methane production in the rumen were not affected after zeolite addition (p > 0.05). ZN2 diet decreased the number of total protozoa by 41.2% (p = 0.023) and Entodinium spp. by 51.1% (p = 0.021), while ZS2, ZN4, and ZS4 diets reduced Diplodinium population by 70.5% (p < 0.001) 3 h after feeding in comparison to the control diet. An increased population of Ophryoscolex spp. was noted in ZN2 and ZS4 cow 3 h after feeding (p < 0.001; 0.15 × 104/mL and 0.08 × 104/mL vs. 0.02 × 104/mL) when compared to control animals. Furthermore, ZS4 diet increased ammonia (p = 0.007; 3.97 mM/L vs. 2.27 mM/L), tryptamine (p = 0.014; 0.009 μmol/g vs. 0.007 μmol/g) and 1.7-diaminoheptane (p < 0.001; 0.016 μmol/g vs. 0.006 μmol/g) concentrations in the rumen, while phenylethylamine level was 90.9% higher in ZN4 cows (p = 0.007), in comparison to control, depending on time. To summarise, zeolites may act in a type- and dose-dependent manner on the proto-zoa population and indicators of protein degradation.
clinoptilolite, zeolite 4A, protozoa, bacteria, methanogens, short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, amines, heifers
Majewska, M.P.; Miltko, R.; Tuśnio, A.; Barszcz, M.; Gawin, K.; Bochenek, J.; Wolska-Świętlicka, U.; Kowalik, B. Can Natural and Synthetic Zeolites Be Dietary Modulators of Microorganism Population, Fermentation Parameters, and Methane Emission in the Rumen? A Preliminary Study on Cow. Molecules 2025, 30, 4040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204040 doi: 10.3390/molecules30204040
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