The aim of the study was to comprehensively investigate the mechanisms of thermochemical degradation of selected municipal solid waste fractions (waste textiles and spent coffee grounds) under different reaction atmospheres (N₂, CO₂, O₂/CO₂), and to evaluate the energetic and physicochemical properties of the resulting solid products (biochars). The research had an experimental and comparative character, including both monitoring of gas evolution during the process and detailed characterization of the produced carbonaceous residues.
The dataset includes:
- experimental data obtained from a laboratory-scale tubular reactor (temperature profiles, carbon balance, gas composition determined by GC-TCD),
- thermogravimetric data (TG/DTG) recorded at different heating rates,
- characteristic combustion parameters of biochars (ignition temperature, peak temperature, burnout temperature, reactivity and stability indices),
- kinetic data (activation energy and pre-exponential factor determined using isoconversional methods: Friedman and Vyazovkin),
- data on pore structure and specific surface area (BET, dual 2D-NLDFT, N₂ and CO₂ adsorption),
- FTIR spectra describing the chemical structure and functional groups of the solid residues.
The experimental scope covered temperatures from ambient conditions up to 800–1100 °C, various reaction atmospheres (inert, gasifying, oxidizing), and a comparison between slow and fast pyrolysis. The dataset enables assessment of the influence of reaction atmosphere and heating rate on:
(1) devolatilization mechanisms,
(2) composition and lower heating value of pyrolytic gas,
(3) reactivity and combustion performance of biochars,
(4) development of pore structure in carbonaceous materials.
The collected dataset is interdisciplinary in nature (energy engineering, environmental engineering, reaction kinetics, material characterization) and can be used for waste-to-energy process modeling, WtE plant design (including oxy-fuel systems), and further kinetic and simulation studies.
